Spring / Spring Boot 4 Basics Interview Questions
What is Spring AI and how does it integrate with Spring Boot 4?
Spring AI is a first-class Spring ecosystem project that reached 1.0 GA in May 2025 and is now on a 2.x development track. It provides a model-agnostic abstraction layer for integrating LLMs, vector stores, and AI pipelines into Spring Boot 4 applications.
| Concept | Description |
|---|---|
| ChatModel | Abstraction over LLM providers (OpenAI, Gemini, Anthropic, Mistral, Ollama, etc.) |
| EmbeddingModel | Generates vector embeddings from text |
| VectorStore | Auto-configured integration with 10+ vector databases (pgvector, Pinecone, Chroma, Weaviate, etc.) |
| ChatClient | Fluent API for building prompt chains, advisors, and tool calling |
| Tool calling | LLMs can invoke Spring beans as tools (@Tool annotation) |
| MCP support | Model Context Protocol server integration |
| RAG pipelines | QuestionAnswerAdvisor for retrieval-augmented generation |
// Spring AI: ChatClient in Spring Boot 4 @Service public class CustomerSupportService { private final ChatClient chatClient; public CustomerSupportService(ChatClient.Builder builder, VectorStore vectorStore) { this.chatClient = builder .defaultSystem("You are a helpful customer support agent.") .defaultAdvisors( // RAG: retrieve relevant documents before answering new QuestionAnswerAdvisor(vectorStore), new MessageChatMemoryAdvisor(new InMemoryChatMemory()) ) .build(); } public String answer(String question) { return chatClient.prompt() .user(question) .call() .content(); } } // Tool calling: LLM can call Spring beans as tools @Service public class OrderTools { @Tool(description = "Get the current status of an order by its ID") public String getOrderStatus(String orderId) { return orderService.findById(orderId).status().name(); } } # application.yml: Spring AI OpenAI configuration spring: ai: openai: api-key: ${OPENAI_API_KEY} chat: options: model: gpt-4o-mini temperature: 0.7
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