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SAP / SAP Senior Level (10+ yrs) Interview questions

How do you design data integration between an on-premise S/4HANA system and cloud-based extensions?

The architectural choice centers on synchronous versus asynchronous integration, and how much of the underlying complexity is exposed to the extension versus abstracted behind a stable interface.

flowchart LR
    A[On-Premise S/4HANA] -->|OData/API via Cloud Connector| B[BTP Extension - synchronous]
    A -->|Events via Integration Suite| C[BTP Extension - asynchronous]

Synchronous integration (real-time API calls through SAP Cloud Connector) suits scenarios needing an immediate response, but couples the extension's availability to the on-premise system's uptime and network path. Asynchronous, event-driven integration (via SAP Integration Suite or Event Mesh) decouples the two systems' availability from each other, at the cost of eventual rather than immediate consistency — generally the preferred default for anything that doesn't genuinely require an instant round-trip response.

What does synchronous integration couple the extension's availability to?
What is generally the preferred default when an instant round-trip response isn't required?

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