What is the BEAM virtual machine?

The BEAM (Bjorn's Erlang Abstract Machine) is the runtime that executes compiled Erlang bytecode. It is not a general JIT like the JVM's HotSpot; instead it is tuned specifically for running huge numbers of tiny, isolated processes.

Key jobs the BEAM handles for you:

• Scheduling millions of lightweight processes across OS threads
• Per-process garbage collection, so one process pausing to collect never stalls another
• Preemptive scheduling based on reduction counts, so no single process can hog a core
• Loading and swapping compiled modules while the system keeps running

Because each process has its own small heap and stack, BEAM garbage collection pauses are typically measured in microseconds and affect only that one process, not the whole node.

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