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Database / Apache Cassandra Intermediate and Advanced interview questions

What is read repair in Cassandra?

Read repair fixes inconsistent replicas as a side effect of normal read traffic, rather than waiting for a scheduled repair job.

  • When a coordinator queries multiple replicas to satisfy the consistency level, it compares the responses.
  • If the replicas disagree, the coordinator identifies the most recent value (by timestamp) and sends it to the out-of-date replicas.
  • Modern Cassandra performs this automatically for any read that touches more than one replica, correcting divergence discovered along the way.

There is also full read repair, historically tunable via a per-table read_repair_chance, which queried additional replicas beyond what the consistency level required purely to catch inconsistencies at a low background probability. That knob has been deprecated/removed in newer versions in favor of always reconciling whatever replicas were already contacted.

Read repair is a helpful complement to scheduled anti-entropy repair, but it's opportunistic: it only fixes divergence for rows that are actually read. Cold data that's rarely queried can still drift and needs periodic nodetool repair to stay in sync.

When does read repair trigger a correction?
What is a limitation of relying only on read repair to keep replicas in sync?

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