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API / APIGEE Gateway Interview Questions

How does TLS and mutual TLS (mTLS) work in Apigee?

Apigee supports TLS on both the northbound (client-to-Apigee) and southbound (Apigee-to-backend) connections. Mutual TLS adds client certificate verification, enabling strong two-way authentication without API keys or tokens.

TLS configuration locations
DirectionWhere configuredPurpose
Northbound (client to Apigee)Virtual host / Environment Group SSL configClient must present a valid certificate (mTLS) or just validate Apigee's cert (TLS)
Southbound (Apigee to backend)TargetEndpoint or Target Server SSLInfoApigee validates backend cert; optionally sends its own client cert for mTLS
<!-- Southbound TLS (Apigee to backend): TargetEndpoint -->
<TargetEndpoint name="default">
  <HTTPTargetConnection>
    <SSLInfo>
      <Enabled>true</Enabled>
      <!-- Verify the backend certificate -->
      <TrustStore>ref://truststore-backend</TrustStore>
      <!-- mTLS: Apigee presents its own client certificate -->
      <ClientAuthEnabled>true</ClientAuthEnabled>
      <KeyStore>ref://keystore-apigee-client</KeyStore>
      <KeyAlias>apigee-client-cert</KeyAlias>
      <!-- Optionally ignore backend cert validation (dev only!) -->
      <IgnoreValidationErrors>false</IgnoreValidationErrors>
    </SSLInfo>
    <URL>https://api.internal.example.com</URL>
  </HTTPTargetConnection>
</TargetEndpoint>

<!-- Keystores and Truststores are managed as
     environment-scoped resources in Apigee:

     Keystore: holds the private key + certificate Apigee presents
     Truststore: holds trusted CA certificates Apigee uses to
                 validate backend certificates

     Created via Apigee API:
     POST /organizations/{org}/environments/{env}/keystores
     POST /organizations/{org}/environments/{env}/keystores/{ks}/aliases -->

What is the difference between TLS and mutual TLS (mTLS) in the context of Apigee?
In Apigee, what does the TrustStore in a TargetEndpoint SSLInfo block contain?

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