What is a check table in SAP?

A check table is the table referenced by a foreign key relationship — the table holding the set of "valid" values that another table's field is checked against. For example, if a sales order table's customer field has a foreign key to the customer master table, the customer master table is that field's check table.

//  KNA1 (customer master) acts as the check table
//  for the KUNNR field in VBAK (sales order header)

This relationship is what SAP uses to validate data entry in real time: when a user tries to save a record referencing a value not present in the check table, SAP raises an error rather than allowing an orphaned reference to be saved — the same fundamental integrity guarantee a foreign key constraint provides in any relational database, expressed through SAP's Data Dictionary tooling.

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