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DataStructures / Cyber Security Interview Questions

What is Malware?

Malware, short for malicious software, is any program or code intentionally designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a system or data.

Unlike an ordinary software bug, malware is deliberately built by an attacker to achieve a goal such as stealing information, extorting money, spying, or hijacking system resources.

  • Delivered through email attachments, malicious downloads, infected USB drives, or compromised websites
  • Can run silently in the background or immediately damage files
  • Ranges from simple adware to sophisticated nation-state tools

Antivirus software, endpoint detection tools, and safe browsing habits are the main defenses against malware infection.

What distinguishes malware from a regular software bug?
Which of these is a common malware delivery method?

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More Related questions...

What is a Firewall? What is CyberSecurity? What are the types of Firewalls? Different Types of Cybersecurity. What is Cryptography? What is Network Security? Explain Information Security. What is Malware? What are the common types of Malware? What is Endpoint Security? What are examples of endpoints in Endpoint security? What is Phishing? What is Ransomware? What are the three main types of endpoint security? What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)? What are the 5 C's of Cyber Security? What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)? What is a Digital Signature? What is Hashing in Cyber Security? What is a Zero-Day Vulnerability? What is Social Engineering? Define Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack? What is the purpose of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)? What is a Honeypot? Describe the CIA Triad in Cyber Security? What is Two-Factor Authentication? What are the types of Access Control models? What is a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system? List common types of Cyber Attacks? What is Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)? What is a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack? What is SQL Injection? What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)? What is the difference between IDS and IPS? What is the difference between Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption? How does SSL/TLS secure communication over the network? Why is the Principle of Least Privilege important? What is the difference between Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing? How does a Firewall differ from a Proxy Server? What is the difference between Authentication and Authorization? When should you use a Web Application Firewall (WAF)? What is the difference between DAC, MAC, and RBAC? Why do we use Salting in password hashing? What happens when a Buffer Overflow attack occurs? How does a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attack differ from a DoS Attack? What is the difference between a Vulnerability, a Threat, and a Risk? How does Zero Trust Architecture change traditional network security? Why should you rotate encryption keys periodically? Explain the lifecycle of an Incident Response process? Explain the internal working of the TLS Handshake? Explain the execution flow of a SQL Injection attack? How can you optimize a SIEM system to reduce alert fatigue? How do you troubleshoot a suspected data breach in its early stages? Which is better and why: Signature-based or Behavior-based Malware Detection? Explain the lifecycle of a Digital Certificate in PKI? Explain the internal working of Kerberos Authentication?
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