Why is the Principle of Least Privilege important?

The Principle of Least Privilege states that a user, process, or system should only have the minimum access necessary to perform its function, nothing more.

When accounts hold more privileges than they need, a single compromised account, through phishing or a leaked password, gives an attacker a much larger blast radius to move laterally, escalate privileges, or access sensitive data.

• Limits the damage a compromised account or process can cause
• Reduces the attack surface available to malware that inherits the user's permissions
• Makes audits simpler because access maps clearly to job function

It's applied through role-based access control, just-in-time privilege elevation, and regularly reviewing and revoking unused permissions.

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