DataStructures / Cyber Security Interview Questions
What is Ransomware?
Ransomware is malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks them out of their system, then demands a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for restoring access.
Once it gains a foothold, ransomware often spreads laterally across shared drives and connected systems before triggering encryption, so one infected laptop can end up locking an entire file server.
- Delivered via phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exposed remote desktop services
- Modern variants also steal data first and threaten to leak it, known as double extortion
- Recovery relies on offline backups since paying the ransom doesn't guarantee decryption
Regular offline backups, patching, and restricting administrative privileges are the most effective defenses.
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