How does test ordering work in JUnit 6 with @TestMethodOrder?

By default JUnit 6 uses a deterministic but non-obvious method order. @TestMethodOrder lets you explicitly control execution order. In JUnit 6, this annotation is recursively inherited by @Nested classes.

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;

@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
class OrderedTest {

    @Test @Order(1) void firstStep()  { System.out.println("1"); }
    @Test @Order(2) void secondStep() { System.out.println("2"); }
    @Test @Order(3) void thirdStep()  { System.out.println("3"); }

    // JUnit 6: @TestMethodOrder is inherited by @Nested classes
    @Nested
    class NestedSteps {
        // No @TestMethodOrder needed -- inherited from outer class
        @Test @Order(1) void nestedFirst()  { System.out.println("N1"); }
        @Test @Order(2) void nestedSecond() { System.out.println("N2"); }
    }
}

// Random order with seed (reproducible):
@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.Random.class)
class RandomOrderTest {
    // Set seed for reproducible random:
    // junit.jupiter.execution.order.random.seed=42
    // in junit-platform.properties
}

Breaking change: MethodOrderer.Alphanumeric was deprecated in JUnit 5 and removed in JUnit 6. Use MethodOrderer.DisplayName or MethodOrderer.MethodName instead.

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