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Testing / JUnit6 Interview Questions

How does JUnit 6 support for Kotlin differ from JUnit 5?

JUnit 6 significantly improves Kotlin support beyond just suspend function tests. The minimum Kotlin version is 2.2 and several common pain points from JUnit 5 Kotlin usage are addressed.

JUnit 6 Kotlin improvements
AreaJUnit 5 pain pointJUnit 6 improvement
suspend testsrunBlocking required everywhereSuspend functions work directly as @Test, @BeforeEach, @AfterEach
NullabilityAPI had no nullability contracts; !! neededJSpecify annotations enable smart casts after assertNotNull
@BeforeAll in objectsRequired @JvmStatic@TestInstance(PER_CLASS) avoids @JvmStatic
kotlin-test interopkotlin.test.assertEquals vs junit.jupiter assertionsJSpecify nullability aligns contracts between both
Minimum versionKotlin 1.6+Kotlin 2.2+ required
// Kotlin JUnit 6 test class
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class KotlinOrderTest {

    private lateinit var service: OrderService

    // No @JvmStatic needed with PER_CLASS lifecycle
    @BeforeAll
    suspend fun setUpAll() {
        service = OrderService()
        service.connect()   // suspend function -- works directly!
    }

    @BeforeEach
    suspend fun setUp() {
        service.reset()     // suspend function
    }

    @Test
    suspend fun `new order has pending status`() {
        val order = service.create("item-1", 2)  // suspend call
        assertEquals(Status.PENDING, order.status)
    }

    @Test
    suspend fun `invalid quantity throws`() {
        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> {
            service.create("item-1", -1)   // suspend call
        }
    }

    // JSpecify: smart cast works after assertNotNull
    @Test
    fun `smart cast after assertNotNull`() {
        val result: String? = service.findUser("user-1")
        assertNotNull(result)       // JUnit 6 exposes @NonNull contract
        println(result.length)      // No !! needed -- smart cast works
    }

    @AfterAll
    suspend fun tearDownAll() {
        service.disconnect()        // suspend function
    }
}

What Kotlin language version is the minimum required by JUnit 6?
How does using @TestInstance(PER_CLASS) help Kotlin JUnit 6 tests with @BeforeAll?

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