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Testing / JUnit6 Interview Questions

What are best practices and anti-patterns in JUnit 6 test design?

Writing maintainable, fast, and reliable tests requires following established principles. Knowing common anti-patterns is as important as knowing the APIs.

JUnit 6 best practices and anti-patterns
CategoryBest practiceAnti-pattern to avoid
Test isolationEach test should set up its own state independentlyRelying on test execution order or shared mutable state between tests
Assertion messagesUse lazy message suppliers: assertEquals(a, b, () -> 'msg')Eager string concatenation in message: assertEquals(a, b, 'msg: ' + val) -- always evaluated
Exception testingUse assertThrows() and verify the message@Test(expected=) which doesn't let you inspect the exception
GroupingUse assertAll() for multi-field object validationMultiple separate assertions -- first failure hides others
NamingUse @DisplayName or @DisplayNameGeneration for readable namescryptic method names like testMethod1()
Extension reuseExtract cross-cutting concerns into extensions or shared flowsCopy-pasting @BeforeEach setup across test classes
Parallel safetyUse @ResourceLock for shared resourcesShared mutable static state without synchronisation
Temporary filesUse @TempDir(cleanup=ON_SUCCESS) for debuggable failuresManual file management in @BeforeEach/@AfterEach
// ANTI-PATTERN: order-dependent tests
@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
class BadTest {
    static String sharedState;

    @Test @Order(1) void setup()  { sharedState = "ready"; }  // BAD
    @Test @Order(2) void useIt() { assertEquals("ready", sharedState); }
}

// BEST PRACTICE: independent setup per test
class GoodTest {
    @BeforeEach
    void init() { this.state = buildTestState(); }  // each test gets fresh state

    @Test void test1() { assertEquals("ready", state.status()); }
    @Test void test2() { assertEquals("ready", state.status()); }  // also passes
}

// ANTI-PATTERN: testing multiple concerns in one test
@Test
void testEverything() {
    // Tests create, update, delete, and serialise all at once
    // When it fails, you don't know WHAT broke
}

// BEST PRACTICE: one concern per test
@Test void createOrder_succeeds() { ... }
@Test void updateOrder_changesStatus() { ... }
@Test void deleteOrder_removesFromStore() { ... }

Why should you use a lambda supplier for assertion messages instead of a plain String in JUnit 6?
What does the single responsibility principle mean when applied to JUnit 6 test methods?

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